Notes on Henry VIII

1. Lancaster and York came together to make Tudor family
2. Red and white symbolize two separate families put into one.
3. After Bosworth field it became the Renaissance, before it was Medieval times

Henry VIII wants to get divorced, the Vatican said no, so he split from the Church.

Anne Boleyn

• Protestant, from England
• Returned to England in 1522
• Sophisticated, accomplished, ambitious
• Long, black hair and dark eyes - no raving beauty
• 10 years younger than Mary
• Henry had to work hard to get Anne, he wrote many letters to try to get her
• Gave birth to a girl named Elizabeth

Catherine

• Catholic, from Europe
• Daughter named Mary
• Married to Henry for 20 years
• Henry was convinced his marriage to Catherine was cursed
• Henry seized on divorce as the answer to all of his problems
• Charles, Queen Catherine's nephew, wouldn't allow an annulment
• Cannot produce a male heir, one dies in the first few weeks of life

Henry VIII

• England's new Caesar at age 40
• Church found itself on the wrong side of a nasty argument
• Divorced Catherine and married Anne in secret
• Signed Act of Supremacy, saying he is the rule of the Church of England - the ruler is now the king instead of the Pope
• Has Catherine sent to a castle
• Thomas Cranmer = new Archbishop of Canterbury
• Recognized Anne's child as his legitimate daughter
• Relieved when Catherine died
• Dies in 1540s
• Restored line of succession to the girls

Mary of England

• Plays an important role upon Henry's death
• Considered to be a bastard child, an illegitimate
• Grew up in France, strictly Catholic
• Became Queen of England after Edward VI
• Tries to undermine everything that that happened during the Reformation
• Wants to return England to the Catholic Church
• Married Philip II of Spain
• 3 years, 260 men burned
• Bloody Mary
• Died childless, had 2 false pregnancies
• Alliances with Catholics monarchs, especially in Spain
• More public support for Elizabeth than Mary
• Pushed out and Elizabeth is brought in

Mary of Scots

• Executed for treason against England
• Became Queen of Scots

Thomas Cromwell

• Knew the Pope would join the battle
• Solidifies Henry's rule and says that if you go against Henry you are committing treason
• Now that Catherine is dead, and Anne has not given birth to a boy, if anything happened to Henry, the kingdom would go to Mary
• Sees that Anne Boleyn is executed so Henry will have to take another wife and produce a male heir

Jane Seymour

• Died shortly after they were married
• 3rd wife of Henry VIII
• Gave birth to Edward VI
• Gives a male heir

Edward VI

• Dies as a boy
• Reigns for only six years

Elizabeth

• Takes the thrown when Mary is executed
• Reinstates old customs of her father and half brother

Age of Shakespeare, great poems, exploration and adventure

Thomas Wolsey, Anne Boleyn, and Catherine of Aragon

Thomas Wolsey

Wolsey was born in 1471. He received a good education and went to Oxford University. He was asked to work for Henry VIII and became friends with him. Henry made Wolsey his Lord Chancellor. Wolsey made most of the decisions needed to run the country. People began to complain that Wolsey was the real leader of Eng

land. In addition to being Lord Chancellor, Wolsey was also Archbishop of York, Bishop of Lincoln and Bishop of Durham. His main ambition was to become Pope. Henry became mad with Wolsey when he went to the Pope and was not about to get permission for Henry to divorce his wife. Henry ordered the arrest of Wolsey.

Thomas wolsey. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUDwolseyT.htm>.

Primary Source:

Cavendish, Initials. (n.d.). George cavendish's the life and death of cardinal wolsey. Retrieved from http://www.library.utoronto.ca/utel/ret/cavendish/cavendish.html

Anne Boleyn

Anne Boleyn was born around 1501 sometime between late May and early June, most likely in Blickling. She is said to have had a sixth finger, many moles, large and small, as well as thick brown

hair, brown eyes, and dark olive-toned skin. She had many affairs and relationships with noblemen. King Henry VIII was said to have wanted to have Ann as his mistress, but she refused. To her, it was his queen or not his at all. Eventually, she gave in, and was pregnant by December in 153

2. She and Henry were secretly married as well later on. Queen Ann was executed on the charge of adultery on May 19.

Anne boleyn. (2009, April 17). Retrieved from http://www.tudorhistory.org/boleyn/

Primary Source:

Cranmer, Initials. (1553). Medieval sourcebook: letter of thomas cranmer, 1533. Retrieved from http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/cramner-hen8.html

Catherine of Aragon

Catherine was the youngest surviving child of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain.

Catherin

e was born in

1485. She made a journey to England when she was about 16. She married Arthur in 1501. Arthur

then died and Catherine was a widow. Catherine of Aragon was then betrothed to Henry VIII.

Catherine's children all died shortly after she had them, and she also had a miscarriage. Henry wanted to have the marriage annulled because she was not producing a male heir to the throne. The political and legal debate went on for six years. Catherine finally had to renounce the title of Queen.

Catherine of aragon. (2008, November 2). Retrieved from http://tudorhistory.org/aragon/

Primary Source:

Cranmer, Initials. (1553). Medieval sourcebook: letter of thomas cranmer, 1533. Retrieved from http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/cramner-hen8.html

Notes on Tudor

1. regular and devout pilgrims
2. Queen Mary was the last Catholic ruler of England

Priests

3. Indispensable man, could only get to heaven through his hands
4. The idea of a Bible in English for anyone to read scared the English
5. Copies went on sale in England
6. 1530 = Reformation claimed its first victim

Henry VIII

7. Henry turned Catholic England into a Protestant nation
8. Arthur, Henry's brother, is the first born
9. Henry was not suppose to be king but his brother died so he became king at age 17 in 1509
10. Henry's first wife was going to marry Arthur , a political marriage between the king of England and this princess of Spain - this alliance was a big deal

The Plantagenet line is replaced by the Tudor line

Henry V dies young and Catherine marries a tudor.

Edwar III, Plantagenet, his son is Edward The Black Prince whose wife give birth to Richard II. Richard II had to give up the thrown. His cousin Henry IV takes the thrown. Henry's son, who is Henry V is victorious against the French. He died young and Catherine marries into the Tudor family. Meanwhie, Edward III's other song, Edmund, and the York line results in Richard III, who will be the king and loses the War of the Roses.

Notes on the War of the Roses

1. War between the noble families, York and Lancaster
2. Richard II steps down, and he is replaced by Henry IV
3. Henry VI was a relatively weak king, he was only an infant when he became king
4. Because Henry is just a young boy, people around him vie for the power of England
5. War between the House of Lancaster and the House of York

The Paston went over bumps

6. They were survivors: war, plaque
7. Effects of the War
• Peasants and lower class would dislike the monarchs
• Result: the rise of the Tudor family who will give us the England we recognize in the Renaissance
• Henry VIII: Tudor king, he splits the Church of England form the Roman Catholic Church

DBQ - The Effect of the Black Death on European Society

Question: What do primary sources during and after the plague suggest about the direct effect of the Black Death on European society?

The Black Plague caused the result of twenty-five million people dead and the rest of the society trying to rebuild Europe. The Black Death brought about numerous effects on European society which would change the face of Europe. Rules in society had to be redefined and lives had to be changes due to peasant rebellions, loss of jobs, political and social upheavals, and hatred of the Jews.

The first source is "The Ordinance of Labors" from 1349. The text is taken from a document written in 1915. It is describing the king's attempt to fix wages and put a control on prices "to laborers at their pre-plague levels." The writing says that "..many seeing the necessity of masters, and great scarcity of servants, will not serve unless they may receive excessive wages ." One of the results of the Black Death was the shortage of labor and pay for society, and this document explains how the king was trying to improve labor and payment.

The second primary source suggests that "the period following the Black Death saw a number of political and social upheavals, caused by the disease itself, as well as wars and other insecurities." This means that the disease, along with other wars and insecurities, caused tension and turmoil in Europe. A common name for a peasant was a "Jacques", and in 1358, the Jacquerie took place, a peasant rebellion. The text is taken from The Chronicles of Froissart , and written by chronicler Jean Froissart.

Three different selections are a part of the third primary source. The "Confession of Agimet of Geneva, Châtel, October 20, 1348" begins by explaining that people of both sexes were imprisoned separately because they are thought to be guilty. It was thought that the people brought about the plague in the wells, springs, and other things that the Christians used. The second selection suggests that the death was greater among the Saracens than the Christians. It also put the blame on the Jews. "In the matter of this plague the Jews throughout the world were reviled and accused in all lands." It was believed that the Jews put poison in the water and the wells. Because of this, the Jews were burnt all the way from the Mediterranean to Germany. This source included text originally from Jacob Marcus's "The Jew in the Medieval World: A Sourcebook, 315-

1791."

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/seth/ordinance-labourers.html

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/froissart2.html

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/1348-jewsblackdeath.html

Notes on Hundred Years' War

1. NOT a hundred years long
2. 1337 to 1453
3. Edward III -- his land in France was confiscated by the French. Philip the VI confiscated the land and Edward in turn questions Philip's right to the throne of France.
4. Cause - the overseas possessions of the English, battles over land
5. In 1204, King John signed away English rights to any holdings in Normandy and Northern France
6. Henry III signed the Treat of Paris in 1259 giving up the land for good but keeping Gascony
7. At the same time, England was fighting the Sots (Rob Bruce and Wallace)
8. The ally to the Scots was France, they were allies to destabilize England
9. Philip VI of France sees this as him moment to confiscate the remaining British land
10. Edward III challenged Philip's right, and the war STARTS
11. Not only doe she question Philip as the ruler, but he has himself declared King of France

Edward III and the Black Prince

12. Edward sees that the French princes are dissatisfied with the Monarchy
13. Amount these princes were the Flemings - between the Flemings and the Montforts making claims on British lands
14. There were raids back and forth between England and France at this time
15. The England were moving down into France
16. Edward III did strike a major victory at the city of Crécy and then a successful siege of Calais
17. Edward III has had major victories and he makes a move into the city of Rheims
18. First of treaties of war - Treaty of Brétigny = treaty was that France should pay the British money and in return Edward III will drop his claim to the French throne

The Road to Agincourt

19. 1369 = treaty breaks down
20. New king in France = Charles V who has a very influencial right hand man, his constable, Bertrand du Guesclin
• They manages to kick the British out of some of the remaining aread of Aquitaine, but Charles V dies only 11 years into this, and there was the rise of a new English king, Richard I
21. The people of England and France were growing weary of the war. It is no 1380. Richard nearly gained a permanent peace with France.
22. Richard II loses the kingship and the rivalry is between the aristocracies and Britain and France look like they are going to plunge each other into even deeper war
23. 1413, Henry V takes British back into France for the purpose of finalizing this thing
24. Henry V meets the French at Agincourt on October 25, 1415
25. The English army is vastly outnumbered by the French
26. Henry is vastly outnumber
27. They fight the French and defeat them - one of the greatest victories in English history
28. Does not completely end the war but does a great deal to greatly improve the morale of the Englaish - turning point in war
29. Several French cities fall to the English, the city of Ruan - capital of Normandy

Joan of Arc and English Defeat

30. The plan is to go into the Lorie Valley.
31. In the Valley there is going to be a number of great battles.
32. The Franco-Scot alliances is the French and the Scots
33. John Duke of Bedford defeated Charles -and those forces at the Battle of Vernueil - effectively splits apart the alliance
34. By 1425, the English clean up and go home victorious
35. English troops besieged town of Orleans in 1428 and it looked like they could starve the French out
36. 1429 - Joan of Arc has voices in her head that told her to lead troops against the English
37. She convinces the French to take on the English
38. She leads a relief force to Orleans and beats the British
39. Joan of Arc was ultimately captured by the English
40. The French, thanks to Joan of Arc, take the Valley back
41. Truce in 1444 which brought the fighting to a close, agreed at Tours
42. Henry VI and the French Princess Margaret would get marred, but that doesn’t work out
43. 1449 - response to English force sacking French village
44. 1149 and 1451 he defeated the British in Normandy and returned to Gascony and Charles VII beats British there
45. Final battle between Charles VII, France and John Talbot - they fight in 1453 and Talbot is killed and his army destroyed
46. All of French are in French hands and war is over

Nationalism developed during the war. You were defined by your king and queen and your country. It is the beginning of modern Europe.

DBQ - English and the Scots

Question: What do the following primary sources tell us about English views of the Scots and the Scots' views of themselves? Please write a DBQ.

England and Scotland faced years of battle and confrontation. The English did not like the Scots, and the Scots viewed highly of themselves as warriors, heroes, and later - free people.

Scottish patriot and national hero William Wallace was disliked by the English. They viewed him as a horrific man who had committed cruel and insane crimes. Robert the Bruce was another powerful man that was looked down upon by the English. England thought that Scotland brought their trouble onto themselves and did not like them.

Although the Scots have faced danger and trouble, they considered themselves heroes because they made it through all of the wars and battles they faced. The Scots looked greatly of themselves and believed that Jesus Christ called them almost the first to his most holy faith.

The Scots believed that they should not fight for glory or honor, but for freedom, and only freedom. The Scots were proud to fight for their freedom and maintain it. They knew they were strong enough to stand up to whatever came their way.

Scotland is a proud country that fought for its freedom. The Scots were happy with the country they

became. England did not like the Scots and did not like those such as William Wallace and Robert the Bruce.