Notes on Hundred Years' War

1. NOT a hundred years long
2. 1337 to 1453
3. Edward III -- his land in France was confiscated by the French. Philip the VI confiscated the land and Edward in turn questions Philip's right to the throne of France.
4. Cause - the overseas possessions of the English, battles over land
5. In 1204, King John signed away English rights to any holdings in Normandy and Northern France
6. Henry III signed the Treat of Paris in 1259 giving up the land for good but keeping Gascony
7. At the same time, England was fighting the Sots (Rob Bruce and Wallace)
8. The ally to the Scots was France, they were allies to destabilize England
9. Philip VI of France sees this as him moment to confiscate the remaining British land
10. Edward III challenged Philip's right, and the war STARTS
11. Not only doe she question Philip as the ruler, but he has himself declared King of France

Edward III and the Black Prince

12. Edward sees that the French princes are dissatisfied with the Monarchy
13. Amount these princes were the Flemings - between the Flemings and the Montforts making claims on British lands
14. There were raids back and forth between England and France at this time
15. The England were moving down into France
16. Edward III did strike a major victory at the city of Crécy and then a successful siege of Calais
17. Edward III has had major victories and he makes a move into the city of Rheims
18. First of treaties of war - Treaty of Brétigny = treaty was that France should pay the British money and in return Edward III will drop his claim to the French throne

The Road to Agincourt

19. 1369 = treaty breaks down
20. New king in France = Charles V who has a very influencial right hand man, his constable, Bertrand du Guesclin
• They manages to kick the British out of some of the remaining aread of Aquitaine, but Charles V dies only 11 years into this, and there was the rise of a new English king, Richard I
21. The people of England and France were growing weary of the war. It is no 1380. Richard nearly gained a permanent peace with France.
22. Richard II loses the kingship and the rivalry is between the aristocracies and Britain and France look like they are going to plunge each other into even deeper war
23. 1413, Henry V takes British back into France for the purpose of finalizing this thing
24. Henry V meets the French at Agincourt on October 25, 1415
25. The English army is vastly outnumbered by the French
26. Henry is vastly outnumber
27. They fight the French and defeat them - one of the greatest victories in English history
28. Does not completely end the war but does a great deal to greatly improve the morale of the Englaish - turning point in war
29. Several French cities fall to the English, the city of Ruan - capital of Normandy

Joan of Arc and English Defeat

30. The plan is to go into the Lorie Valley.
31. In the Valley there is going to be a number of great battles.
32. The Franco-Scot alliances is the French and the Scots
33. John Duke of Bedford defeated Charles -and those forces at the Battle of Vernueil - effectively splits apart the alliance
34. By 1425, the English clean up and go home victorious
35. English troops besieged town of Orleans in 1428 and it looked like they could starve the French out
36. 1429 - Joan of Arc has voices in her head that told her to lead troops against the English
37. She convinces the French to take on the English
38. She leads a relief force to Orleans and beats the British
39. Joan of Arc was ultimately captured by the English
40. The French, thanks to Joan of Arc, take the Valley back
41. Truce in 1444 which brought the fighting to a close, agreed at Tours
42. Henry VI and the French Princess Margaret would get marred, but that doesn’t work out
43. 1449 - response to English force sacking French village
44. 1149 and 1451 he defeated the British in Normandy and returned to Gascony and Charles VII beats British there
45. Final battle between Charles VII, France and John Talbot - they fight in 1453 and Talbot is killed and his army destroyed
46. All of French are in French hands and war is over

Nationalism developed during the war. You were defined by your king and queen and your country. It is the beginning of modern Europe.

DBQ - English and the Scots

Question: What do the following primary sources tell us about English views of the Scots and the Scots' views of themselves? Please write a DBQ.

England and Scotland faced years of battle and confrontation. The English did not like the Scots, and the Scots viewed highly of themselves as warriors, heroes, and later - free people.

Scottish patriot and national hero William Wallace was disliked by the English. They viewed him as a horrific man who had committed cruel and insane crimes. Robert the Bruce was another powerful man that was looked down upon by the English. England thought that Scotland brought their trouble onto themselves and did not like them.

Although the Scots have faced danger and trouble, they considered themselves heroes because they made it through all of the wars and battles they faced. The Scots looked greatly of themselves and believed that Jesus Christ called them almost the first to his most holy faith.

The Scots believed that they should not fight for glory or honor, but for freedom, and only freedom. The Scots were proud to fight for their freedom and maintain it. They knew they were strong enough to stand up to whatever came their way.

Scotland is a proud country that fought for its freedom. The Scots were happy with the country they

became. England did not like the Scots and did not like those such as William Wallace and Robert the Bruce.

Notes on Scotland

1296 - Scotland was conquered

1997 - Wallace killed an English nobleman, starting the beginning of his personal legend

• He and his followers state at a base. It was a base of operations they fought out of.
• He was the first great freedom fighter for Scotland

Battle of Stirling Bridge

• William Wallace's biggest victory
• Killed over 5,000 English

1304 - submitted to Edward

Robert the Bruce

• Intensified what was already a Scottish civil war
• Turned thoughtful at the end of his life
• Regained his kingdom after seven years
• Outnumbered 3-1 in the battle
• Defeated Edward II
1. 22 years the Scots raided huge areas of Northern England

Notes on Plantagenets

Henry II -

He wants to gain back land lost in England

First two major conflicts - Welsh and the Scottish fought for their independence

Richard I

-he was considered "good" as compared to John as being "bad"

John

-signed the Magna Carta which subjected the king to the same laws as everyone else

Third Crusade

-the British were on crusades to the holy land to push back the Islamic fighters

-the two majors cities fought over were Jerusalem and Constantinople

As a result of Richard losing, the Islamic start setting up libraries in Spain. In England, English internationalism came about.

Henry III

-son of King John

Edward I

-son of Henry III

-most successful in Battle of the Scots

-fights William Wallace

The "hammer of the Scots"

Scottish Heroes

-William Wallace and Robert the Bruce

Henry V

-defeats the French

Notes on Normandy

BATTLE OF HASTINGS

1066 - William the Conqueror defeats Harold King of England.

He brings the French and Latin languages. He also bring Christianity.

The House of Normandy - King's court

DOMESDAY BOOK

• First survey of everything that was in England at the time that William took charge

CRUSADES

• begin in the 12th century
• From England into the Holy Land
• Lots of people die
• New trade routes are developed
• From the alter 8th century to the 15th century the Spanish peninsula is under Islamic control
• Things that were stopped started again during the Renaissance

LEGACIES OF THE NORMAN INVASION

• All the laws were written in French, not the language of the English people
• The Normans bring French with them - because of that over 70% of the vocabulary we use is French and Latin

FAMOUS FAMILIES

• Balliol, Wallace, and Bruce

AFTER 1200

• England begins to look inward
• Crusades were a bad idea

TREATY OF PARIS

With the Rise of Henry III, there was a treaty written up.

Treaty of Paris - 200 years after Norman invasion, Henry is forced to sign the treat which effectively gives up any English right to Norman land

1. Marriage becomes a political tool

REBELLION

• "Rebellions in Wales are testament to some Welshmen's continuing struggle for independence."

Monarchy in the Later Middle Ages

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/henryii_empire_01.shtml

What does the reign of Henry II suggest about the future of English foreign relations?

The reign of Henry II suggests that England will advance with having more relations with foreign areas. Henry married Eleanor and took control of more than half of the country. Through Henry's marriage, he gained an interest in other areas of the world. Henry became very powerful, taking control of many different places, such as Ireland. Henry sets the tone for the future of England to become involved with other nations and countries.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/john_01.shtml

Does the common conception of Richard as 'good' and John as 'bad' hold up to reality?

The common conception of Richard as 'good' and John as 'bad' mostly holds up to reality. John was not a good king, and he almost lost the Kingdom of England. Compared to his brother, it makes sense for Richard to be considered good. He was better for the people of England than John was. Richard was a warrior and was willing to fight with all he had, so this made him a good leader.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/magna_01.shtml

How did the Magna Carta change the relationship of the Monarch and his subjects?

The Magna Carta showed that John has pushed his limits too far. The Magna Carta

explained the rights of the Church and of the people, but John was back into power less than three months later. The ones under the rule of John gained the courage from

this document, however, to stand on their own feet. The crown was offered to Prince Louis of France who mustered up an army.

Image Source: "The Magna Carta, Exchequer Gate, Lincoln | Flickr - Photo Sharing!" Welcome to Flickr - Photo Sharing. Web. 08 Sept. 2010. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/lincolnian/2328158627/>.

Herodotus - The Story of My Parents

1. Mary Anne and Phil were born in the same year, just three months apart. My mom’s dad rushed my grandmom to the hospital in anticipation of the arrival of their new child, and at the time they did not know if Mary Anne would be a girl or a boy. My grandmom said that she was excited to have her first girl after having one son already. I think that it is really fascinating to think about my parents being born. My uncle Bill does not remember when my mom was born because he was only 15 months old.

2. My dad, Phil, was born on the morning of April 30. He was the first son in his family; his parents had four older daughters. Debby, my dad’s oldest sister, was ten years old when my dad was born. She was so excited to hold him for the first time. Debby, along with her three other sisters, were really looking forward to having a baby brother. My aunt Cheri, who is the middle child, says that she loved having a younger sister and a younger brother.

3. Phil remembers growing up and becoming a lifeguard at Gardenville Swim Club. Mary Anne was a member of the swim club, and it is the place where she and my dad first met. My dad says that the first time he saw my mom he knew that they would end up together. My mom remembers standing with her friends one day at the pool when my dad was trying to get up the nerve to ask her out. My mom says that she and my dad dated on and off for a while. They both dated other people but stayed good friends. She says that my dad proposed on New Year’s Eve when they were 23. My dad says that the first person they told was his parents who were living in Virginia at the time. They called my dad’s parents, and his mom says she was thrilled to hear about her son’s engagement.

4. Mary Anne went with her mother to shop for her wedding dress. She found the perfect one at Gamberdella’s, which is a bridal salon in Towson, Maryland. My grandmom loved shopping for the dress and was extremely excited about the wedding because this was her first child to get married and her oldest daughter to get married.

5. My mom grew up going to church at St. Anthony of Padua Church, and that is where she married my dad. My mom says that they had a full Catholic mass. Her maid of honor was her best friend that she grew up being close with because they lived across the street from each other. They did not go to school together but they remained close friends as they grew up. Susie, my dad’s sister, remembers taking her daughter Janet and niece Katie to get their flower girl dresses measured. My mom had a friend of hers make the flower girl dresses. Janet remembers having fun doing all of the flower girl activities. She was really nervous to walk down the aisle in front of everyone in the church but liked having her cousin Katie there next to her.

6. My dad says the air conditioning turned off right when the wedding was starting because it was on a timer. My mom says that my dad asked how long she was going to drag the mass out, but my dad says, laughing, that he never made that comment during the wedding. Harvey, my dad’s brother-in-law, videotaped the wedding. Jane, my mom’s youngest sister, was nineteen years old when her big sister got married. She liked being a part of the wedding but was really sad that her sister would be leaving the house.

7. Mary Anne and Phil left right from the reception at The Overlea to go to the airport. My mom says that when they got on the plane, my father’s brother-in-law coincidentally was going to Bermuda on business. He was on the same flight as they were. My dad says that he knew about this but that my mom was shocked and had to keep pinching herself to see if it was real. My uncle laughs every time he tells this story. The three of them flew together to Bermuda, and my mom sat in between her new husband and brother-in-law.