Notes on Scotland

1296 - Scotland was conquered

1997 - Wallace killed an English nobleman, starting the beginning of his personal legend

• He and his followers state at a base. It was a base of operations they fought out of.
• He was the first great freedom fighter for Scotland

Battle of Stirling Bridge

• William Wallace's biggest victory
• Killed over 5,000 English

1304 - submitted to Edward

Robert the Bruce

• Intensified what was already a Scottish civil war
• Turned thoughtful at the end of his life
• Regained his kingdom after seven years
• Outnumbered 3-1 in the battle
• Defeated Edward II
1. 22 years the Scots raided huge areas of Northern England

Notes on Plantagenets

Henry II -

He wants to gain back land lost in England

First two major conflicts - Welsh and the Scottish fought for their independence

Richard I

-he was considered "good" as compared to John as being "bad"

John

-signed the Magna Carta which subjected the king to the same laws as everyone else

Third Crusade

-the British were on crusades to the holy land to push back the Islamic fighters

-the two majors cities fought over were Jerusalem and Constantinople

As a result of Richard losing, the Islamic start setting up libraries in Spain. In England, English internationalism came about.

Henry III

-son of King John

Edward I

-son of Henry III

-most successful in Battle of the Scots

-fights William Wallace

The "hammer of the Scots"

Scottish Heroes

-William Wallace and Robert the Bruce

Henry V

-defeats the French

Notes on Normandy

BATTLE OF HASTINGS

1066 - William the Conqueror defeats Harold King of England.

He brings the French and Latin languages. He also bring Christianity.

The House of Normandy - King's court

DOMESDAY BOOK

• First survey of everything that was in England at the time that William took charge

CRUSADES

• begin in the 12th century
• From England into the Holy Land
• Lots of people die
• New trade routes are developed
• From the alter 8th century to the 15th century the Spanish peninsula is under Islamic control
• Things that were stopped started again during the Renaissance

LEGACIES OF THE NORMAN INVASION

• All the laws were written in French, not the language of the English people
• The Normans bring French with them - because of that over 70% of the vocabulary we use is French and Latin

FAMOUS FAMILIES

• Balliol, Wallace, and Bruce

AFTER 1200

• England begins to look inward
• Crusades were a bad idea

TREATY OF PARIS

With the Rise of Henry III, there was a treaty written up.

Treaty of Paris - 200 years after Norman invasion, Henry is forced to sign the treat which effectively gives up any English right to Norman land

1. Marriage becomes a political tool

REBELLION

• "Rebellions in Wales are testament to some Welshmen's continuing struggle for independence."

Monarchy in the Later Middle Ages

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/henryii_empire_01.shtml

What does the reign of Henry II suggest about the future of English foreign relations?

The reign of Henry II suggests that England will advance with having more relations with foreign areas. Henry married Eleanor and took control of more than half of the country. Through Henry's marriage, he gained an interest in other areas of the world. Henry became very powerful, taking control of many different places, such as Ireland. Henry sets the tone for the future of England to become involved with other nations and countries.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/john_01.shtml

Does the common conception of Richard as 'good' and John as 'bad' hold up to reality?

The common conception of Richard as 'good' and John as 'bad' mostly holds up to reality. John was not a good king, and he almost lost the Kingdom of England. Compared to his brother, it makes sense for Richard to be considered good. He was better for the people of England than John was. Richard was a warrior and was willing to fight with all he had, so this made him a good leader.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/magna_01.shtml

How did the Magna Carta change the relationship of the Monarch and his subjects?

The Magna Carta showed that John has pushed his limits too far. The Magna Carta

explained the rights of the Church and of the people, but John was back into power less than three months later. The ones under the rule of John gained the courage from

this document, however, to stand on their own feet. The crown was offered to Prince Louis of France who mustered up an army.

Image Source: "The Magna Carta, Exchequer Gate, Lincoln | Flickr - Photo Sharing!" Welcome to Flickr - Photo Sharing. Web. 08 Sept. 2010. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/lincolnian/2328158627/>.

Herodotus - The Story of My Parents

1. Mary Anne and Phil were born in the same year, just three months apart. My mom’s dad rushed my grandmom to the hospital in anticipation of the arrival of their new child, and at the time they did not know if Mary Anne would be a girl or a boy. My grandmom said that she was excited to have her first girl after having one son already. I think that it is really fascinating to think about my parents being born. My uncle Bill does not remember when my mom was born because he was only 15 months old.

2. My dad, Phil, was born on the morning of April 30. He was the first son in his family; his parents had four older daughters. Debby, my dad’s oldest sister, was ten years old when my dad was born. She was so excited to hold him for the first time. Debby, along with her three other sisters, were really looking forward to having a baby brother. My aunt Cheri, who is the middle child, says that she loved having a younger sister and a younger brother.

3. Phil remembers growing up and becoming a lifeguard at Gardenville Swim Club. Mary Anne was a member of the swim club, and it is the place where she and my dad first met. My dad says that the first time he saw my mom he knew that they would end up together. My mom remembers standing with her friends one day at the pool when my dad was trying to get up the nerve to ask her out. My mom says that she and my dad dated on and off for a while. They both dated other people but stayed good friends. She says that my dad proposed on New Year’s Eve when they were 23. My dad says that the first person they told was his parents who were living in Virginia at the time. They called my dad’s parents, and his mom says she was thrilled to hear about her son’s engagement.

4. Mary Anne went with her mother to shop for her wedding dress. She found the perfect one at Gamberdella’s, which is a bridal salon in Towson, Maryland. My grandmom loved shopping for the dress and was extremely excited about the wedding because this was her first child to get married and her oldest daughter to get married.

5. My mom grew up going to church at St. Anthony of Padua Church, and that is where she married my dad. My mom says that they had a full Catholic mass. Her maid of honor was her best friend that she grew up being close with because they lived across the street from each other. They did not go to school together but they remained close friends as they grew up. Susie, my dad’s sister, remembers taking her daughter Janet and niece Katie to get their flower girl dresses measured. My mom had a friend of hers make the flower girl dresses. Janet remembers having fun doing all of the flower girl activities. She was really nervous to walk down the aisle in front of everyone in the church but liked having her cousin Katie there next to her.

6. My dad says the air conditioning turned off right when the wedding was starting because it was on a timer. My mom says that my dad asked how long she was going to drag the mass out, but my dad says, laughing, that he never made that comment during the wedding. Harvey, my dad’s brother-in-law, videotaped the wedding. Jane, my mom’s youngest sister, was nineteen years old when her big sister got married. She liked being a part of the wedding but was really sad that her sister would be leaving the house.

7. Mary Anne and Phil left right from the reception at The Overlea to go to the airport. My mom says that when they got on the plane, my father’s brother-in-law coincidentally was going to Bermuda on business. He was on the same flight as they were. My dad says that he knew about this but that my mom was shocked and had to keep pinching herself to see if it was real. My uncle laughs every time he tells this story. The three of them flew together to Bermuda, and my mom sat in between her new husband and brother-in-law.

Thucydides - From Two Families to One

The State of Maryland beginning in the late 20^th century and continuing through the 21^st century

Jennifer, a daughter and a sister, wrote the history of her family, beginning at the time when her parents were young children and continuing to the story

of their life together. She believed it would be an interesting story, and her beliefs were correct. Jennifer’s parents, Mary Anne and Philip Neil, come from two families who lived in Baltimore decades earlier. Philip has four sisters, and Mary Anne has two sisters and one brother, and they came together to be one family.

Mary Anne was born on July 9, 1962 at 6:10 AM. Mary Anne was born in Mercy Hospital, located in Baltimore City, Maryland. Once located in a former schoolhouse, Merc

y Hospital is flourishing as one of the top 100 hospitals in the nation. Both of her parents lived and still live in Maryland. Mary Frances, the mother of Mary Anne, gave birth to her beloved daughter at the age of 25. Mary Anne’s father was 24 years old when his daughter was born (see appendix for certificate of birth).

Philip was raised by his parents Mary Patricia and Neil Carl. On April 30, 1962 at 7:42 AM, Philip was born. His father was the age of 33 when Philip was born, and his mother was the age of 28. Philip was the youngest child of five. He followed four sisters – Deborah, Susan, Cheryl, and Kathryn (see appendix for certificate of birth).

Philip grew older and became a lifeguard at Gardenville Swim Club, where Mary Anne belonged, thus the two met. Mary Anne and Philip met at the age of 16. Eight years later, they were engaged and then wed at the age of 24. The marriage was held at St. Anthony of

Padua, which was founded in 1884 as a mission of Saint Joseph Church. In its earliest days, St. Anthony ministered to German farmers. The farmers had settled in the area of Baltimore that is now known as Gardenville. St. Anthony of Padua Church is now consisted of two church buildings, a school, a rectory, and a convent.

The date of the wedding of Mary Anne Hartman and Philip Neil Kreis was August 10, 1986 at three o’clock. Mary Anne wore a beautiful floor-length white wedding gown with a transparent veil. Lace covered the top of her dress, her lower back, and her arms. Mary Anne’s bouquet was made of white tiger lilies and green ferns. Mary Anne’s bridesmaids, her sisters Jane and Christine and best friend Judy, wore long light blue dresses and matching shoes. In their hands were pink and red flowers. The flower girls, Mary Anne’s nieces, were dressed in matching dresses similar to that of the bride. (see appendix

for photographs of the wedding and wedding party)

The wedding reception took place at the Overlea. Tables were lined with white lace table cloths. Mary Anne and Phil’s first dance was to “Lady” by Kenny Rogers. The wedding cake was four levels high and decorated with a bride and groom statue at the top. At the end of the night Mary Anne changed into a blue floral print dress. She and her new husband drove away in a red car, heading to the airport for their honeymoon in Bermuda.