Notes on Henry VIII

1. Lancaster and York came together to make Tudor family
2. Red and white symbolize two separate families put into one.
3. After Bosworth field it became the Renaissance, before it was Medieval times

Henry VIII wants to get divorced, the Vatican said no, so he split from the Church.

Anne Boleyn

• Protestant, from England
• Returned to England in 1522
• Sophisticated, accomplished, ambitious
• Long, black hair and dark eyes - no raving beauty
• 10 years younger than Mary
• Henry had to work hard to get Anne, he wrote many letters to try to get her
• Gave birth to a girl named Elizabeth

Catherine

• Catholic, from Europe
• Daughter named Mary
• Married to Henry for 20 years
• Henry was convinced his marriage to Catherine was cursed
• Henry seized on divorce as the answer to all of his problems
• Charles, Queen Catherine's nephew, wouldn't allow an annulment
• Cannot produce a male heir, one dies in the first few weeks of life

Henry VIII

• England's new Caesar at age 40
• Church found itself on the wrong side of a nasty argument
• Divorced Catherine and married Anne in secret
• Signed Act of Supremacy, saying he is the rule of the Church of England - the ruler is now the king instead of the Pope
• Has Catherine sent to a castle
• Thomas Cranmer = new Archbishop of Canterbury
• Recognized Anne's child as his legitimate daughter
• Relieved when Catherine died
• Dies in 1540s
• Restored line of succession to the girls

Mary of England

• Plays an important role upon Henry's death
• Considered to be a bastard child, an illegitimate
• Grew up in France, strictly Catholic
• Became Queen of England after Edward VI
• Tries to undermine everything that that happened during the Reformation
• Wants to return England to the Catholic Church
• Married Philip II of Spain
• 3 years, 260 men burned
• Bloody Mary
• Died childless, had 2 false pregnancies
• Alliances with Catholics monarchs, especially in Spain
• More public support for Elizabeth than Mary
• Pushed out and Elizabeth is brought in

Mary of Scots

• Executed for treason against England
• Became Queen of Scots

Thomas Cromwell

• Knew the Pope would join the battle
• Solidifies Henry's rule and says that if you go against Henry you are committing treason
• Now that Catherine is dead, and Anne has not given birth to a boy, if anything happened to Henry, the kingdom would go to Mary
• Sees that Anne Boleyn is executed so Henry will have to take another wife and produce a male heir

Jane Seymour

• Died shortly after they were married
• 3rd wife of Henry VIII
• Gave birth to Edward VI
• Gives a male heir

Edward VI

• Dies as a boy
• Reigns for only six years

Elizabeth

• Takes the thrown when Mary is executed
• Reinstates old customs of her father and half brother

Age of Shakespeare, great poems, exploration and adventure

Thomas Wolsey, Anne Boleyn, and Catherine of Aragon

Thomas Wolsey

Wolsey was born in 1471. He received a good education and went to Oxford University. He was asked to work for Henry VIII and became friends with him. Henry made Wolsey his Lord Chancellor. Wolsey made most of the decisions needed to run the country. People began to complain that Wolsey was the real leader of Eng

land. In addition to being Lord Chancellor, Wolsey was also Archbishop of York, Bishop of Lincoln and Bishop of Durham. His main ambition was to become Pope. Henry became mad with Wolsey when he went to the Pope and was not about to get permission for Henry to divorce his wife. Henry ordered the arrest of Wolsey.

Thomas wolsey. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUDwolseyT.htm>.

Primary Source:

Cavendish, Initials. (n.d.). George cavendish's the life and death of cardinal wolsey. Retrieved from http://www.library.utoronto.ca/utel/ret/cavendish/cavendish.html

Anne Boleyn

Anne Boleyn was born around 1501 sometime between late May and early June, most likely in Blickling. She is said to have had a sixth finger, many moles, large and small, as well as thick brown

hair, brown eyes, and dark olive-toned skin. She had many affairs and relationships with noblemen. King Henry VIII was said to have wanted to have Ann as his mistress, but she refused. To her, it was his queen or not his at all. Eventually, she gave in, and was pregnant by December in 153

2. She and Henry were secretly married as well later on. Queen Ann was executed on the charge of adultery on May 19.

Anne boleyn. (2009, April 17). Retrieved from http://www.tudorhistory.org/boleyn/

Primary Source:

Cranmer, Initials. (1553). Medieval sourcebook: letter of thomas cranmer, 1533. Retrieved from http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/cramner-hen8.html

Catherine of Aragon

Catherine was the youngest surviving child of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain.

Catherin

e was born in

1485. She made a journey to England when she was about 16. She married Arthur in 1501. Arthur

then died and Catherine was a widow. Catherine of Aragon was then betrothed to Henry VIII.

Catherine's children all died shortly after she had them, and she also had a miscarriage. Henry wanted to have the marriage annulled because she was not producing a male heir to the throne. The political and legal debate went on for six years. Catherine finally had to renounce the title of Queen.

Catherine of aragon. (2008, November 2). Retrieved from http://tudorhistory.org/aragon/

Primary Source:

Cranmer, Initials. (1553). Medieval sourcebook: letter of thomas cranmer, 1533. Retrieved from http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/cramner-hen8.html

Notes on Tudor

1. regular and devout pilgrims
2. Queen Mary was the last Catholic ruler of England

Priests

3. Indispensable man, could only get to heaven through his hands
4. The idea of a Bible in English for anyone to read scared the English
5. Copies went on sale in England
6. 1530 = Reformation claimed its first victim

Henry VIII

7. Henry turned Catholic England into a Protestant nation
8. Arthur, Henry's brother, is the first born
9. Henry was not suppose to be king but his brother died so he became king at age 17 in 1509
10. Henry's first wife was going to marry Arthur , a political marriage between the king of England and this princess of Spain - this alliance was a big deal

The Plantagenet line is replaced by the Tudor line

Henry V dies young and Catherine marries a tudor.

Edwar III, Plantagenet, his son is Edward The Black Prince whose wife give birth to Richard II. Richard II had to give up the thrown. His cousin Henry IV takes the thrown. Henry's son, who is Henry V is victorious against the French. He died young and Catherine marries into the Tudor family. Meanwhie, Edward III's other song, Edmund, and the York line results in Richard III, who will be the king and loses the War of the Roses.

Notes on the War of the Roses

1. War between the noble families, York and Lancaster
2. Richard II steps down, and he is replaced by Henry IV
3. Henry VI was a relatively weak king, he was only an infant when he became king
4. Because Henry is just a young boy, people around him vie for the power of England
5. War between the House of Lancaster and the House of York

The Paston went over bumps

6. They were survivors: war, plaque
7. Effects of the War
• Peasants and lower class would dislike the monarchs
• Result: the rise of the Tudor family who will give us the England we recognize in the Renaissance
• Henry VIII: Tudor king, he splits the Church of England form the Roman Catholic Church

DBQ - The Effect of the Black Death on European Society

Question: What do primary sources during and after the plague suggest about the direct effect of the Black Death on European society?

The Black Plague caused the result of twenty-five million people dead and the rest of the society trying to rebuild Europe. The Black Death brought about numerous effects on European society which would change the face of Europe. Rules in society had to be redefined and lives had to be changes due to peasant rebellions, loss of jobs, political and social upheavals, and hatred of the Jews.

The first source is "The Ordinance of Labors" from 1349. The text is taken from a document written in 1915. It is describing the king's attempt to fix wages and put a control on prices "to laborers at their pre-plague levels." The writing says that "..many seeing the necessity of masters, and great scarcity of servants, will not serve unless they may receive excessive wages ." One of the results of the Black Death was the shortage of labor and pay for society, and this document explains how the king was trying to improve labor and payment.

The second primary source suggests that "the period following the Black Death saw a number of political and social upheavals, caused by the disease itself, as well as wars and other insecurities." This means that the disease, along with other wars and insecurities, caused tension and turmoil in Europe. A common name for a peasant was a "Jacques", and in 1358, the Jacquerie took place, a peasant rebellion. The text is taken from The Chronicles of Froissart , and written by chronicler Jean Froissart.

Three different selections are a part of the third primary source. The "Confession of Agimet of Geneva, Châtel, October 20, 1348" begins by explaining that people of both sexes were imprisoned separately because they are thought to be guilty. It was thought that the people brought about the plague in the wells, springs, and other things that the Christians used. The second selection suggests that the death was greater among the Saracens than the Christians. It also put the blame on the Jews. "In the matter of this plague the Jews throughout the world were reviled and accused in all lands." It was believed that the Jews put poison in the water and the wells. Because of this, the Jews were burnt all the way from the Mediterranean to Germany. This source included text originally from Jacob Marcus's "The Jew in the Medieval World: A Sourcebook, 315-

1791."

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/seth/ordinance-labourers.html

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/froissart2.html

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/1348-jewsblackdeath.html