Notes on Principalities of England

Sienna

• North central Italy
• Not ruled by Holy Roman Empire

Urbino

• Relatively small

Florence

• controls the agricultural production of the entire area.
• Right in the heart of the Tuscan Valley

Peruguia

• It is in the center country.

These had a history of waring against one another.

Milan, Florence, Pisa, Sienna, Genoa, Ferrara, Verona, Mantua, and Venice.

There is a battle between the Vatican and Holy Roman Empire.

During the 15th century, many of the powerful city states annexed their neighbors. Florence was one of the cities that annexes a neighbor, Pisa in 1406. Nearby Florence's rival Milan was busy annexing areas around it and growing larger. There was a power struggle building between Florence and Milan.

There was almost constant battle going on throughout Italy.

The land battles were primarily carried out by mercenaries. Solders from around Europe were led by Italian generals in campaigns. One of the major strategies of these campaigns was once known as siege war far. This is when you surround their town and starve them out.

Genoa beats Pisa but then Venice's influence is increasing and Genoa's is decreasing.

By 1454, Florence, Milan, and Venice were the three major powers in central and northern Italy. They signed the Treat of Lodi. That treat will last for a few decades. It’s the first time there had been relative peace in central and northern Italy.

The increase in European exploration in the new world is one of the least studied of the Renaissance but it is essential to understanding what is going on.

Under Giovanni Medici, the bank was established, and under Cosimo is became the largest bank in Europe.

The Albizzi got Cosimo exiled but then he came back.